Historical boundaries
The world maps are modern reconstructions. Each snapshot shows territories recorded for January 1 of the selected year in CShapes 2.0. Shapes are simplified and projected for play, and a few historical names are added as clues.
Boundaries follow the dataset’s coding and can be approximate, disputed, or incomplete. Colors distinguish territories and have no fixed political meaning. The pale land layer comes from Natural Earth and provides geographic context.
CShapes 2.0 and the adapted border maps are licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. Natural Earth data is public domain.
Source attribution. Guy Schvitz, Luc Girardin, Seraina Rüegger, Nils B. Weidmann, Lars-Erik Cederman, and Kristian Skrede Gleditsch, Mapping the International System, 1886–2019: The CShapes 2.0 Dataset, 2022.